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<text id=93HT0976>
<title>
40 Election: Toe to Toe
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1940 Election
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
November 4, 1940
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Toe to Toe
</hdr>
<body>
<p> For 40 days Wendell Willkie had gone up & down the U.S.,
challenging his opponent to come out and fight. But Franklin
Roosevelt said he was too busy. For lack of a real, live
adversary, Candidate Willkie perforce tilted at windmill issues.
Last week in Philadelphia the President finally dropped the
pretense that he had no time for politics, made his first
admittedly political speech of the campaign. He wanted, said he,
to answer falsifications with facts. So twelve days before
Election Day, the battle was joined. Each of the contestants
pretended not to know the other fellow's name: one was "the
third-term candidate"; the other was "Republican leaders." But,
such traditional little coquetries aside, the fight was really
on; punches were given & taken, toe to toe.
</p>
<p> Cracks & Back Cracks. The President spoke first. His
opponent followed with a point-by-point rebuttal. Naturally this
gave Challenger Willkie the apparent advantage, but it was only
the first round.
</p>
<p> Roosevelt: "...Certain techniques of propaganda, created
and developed in dictator countries, have been imported into this
campaign. It is the...technique of repeating...falsehoods, with the idea that by constant repetition...and
with no contradiction, the misstatements will finally come to be
believed.... I make the charge now that these falsifications
are being spread for the purpose of filling the minds and hearts
of the American people with fear.
</p>
<p> "The tears, the crocodile tears, tears for the laboring man
and laboring woman, now being shed in this campaign come from
those same Republican leaders who had their chance to prove their
love for labor in 1932--and missed it."
</p>
<p> Willkie: "There is no issue between the third-term candidate
and myself about 1932. I voted for and supported him in 1932. I
believed in the Democratic platform of 1932."
</p>
<p> Roosevelt: "...It is (a falsification) for any...candidate to state...that the President of the United States
telephoned to Mussolini and Hitler to sell Czecho-Slovakia down
the river.... I know we know that (the statement was)...false."
</p>
<p> Willkie: "As a matter of fact the third-term candidate
didn't telephone Hitler--he telegraphed him."
</p>
<p> Roosevelt: "...American business..is way up above the
level of 1932 and on a much sounder footing than it was even in
the '20s.... Our national income has nearly doubled since
1932...."
</p>
<p> Willkie: "A fair comparison would be to compare the record
of the seven New Deal years with the seven years that preceded
the New Deal.... (Then) we find that the national income under
the Administration of the third-term candidate is down 11%; that
industrial production is down 5%; construction contracts down
50%; farm income, including Government payments, down 20%;
industrial wages and salaries down 21%...."
</p>
<p> Roosevelt: "...We are determined during the next four
years...to make work for every young man and woman in
America...."
</p>
<p> Willkie: "...The...speech of the third-term candidate
(in).defense of his own Administration..was strikingly
similar to the defense system...that he is building for these
United States today. It was either obsolete or on order. It was
obsolete for the reason that it discussed the issues of the 1932
campaign. It was on order because it promised jobs to you and the
right to work."
</p>
<p> Roosevelt: "We will not...send our Army, naval or air
forces to fight in foreign lands outside of the Americas except
in case of attack."
</p>
<p> Willkie: "I hope...that that pledge...is remembered
by him longer than he remembered the same pledge that he made
with reference to the provisions of the Democratic platform of
1932. If he does not remember it longer, then shortly our boys
will be on the transports, sailing for some foreign shore."
</p>
<p> Counter-attack. Early this week, when his chance came at
Manhattan's Madison Square Garden, Candidate Roosevelt did not
rebut the rebuttal--he counter-attacked. Taking as his text the
vulnerable defense record of Republicans in Congress:
</p>
<p> "I now brand as false the statement being made by Republican
campaign orators, day after day and night after night, that the
rearming of America was slow, that it is hamstrung and impeded,
that it will never be able to meet threats from abroad....
</p>
<p> "For example, deeply concerned over what was happening in
Europe, I asked the Congress, in January 1938, for a naval
expansion of 20%--46 additional ships and 950 new planes. What
did the Republican leaders do when they had this chance to
increase our national defense almost three years ago?...
</p>
<p> "In those days they thought that the way to win votes was by
representing this Administration as extravagant in national
defense, indeed, as hysterical and as manufacturing panics and
inventing foreign dangers.
</p>
<p> "But now in the serious days of 1940 all is changed!...
</p>
<p> "On the radio these Republican orators swing through the air
with the greatest of ease; but the American people are not voting
this year for the best trapeze performer....
</p>
<p> "I recommended that the Congress repeal the embargo on the
shipment of armaments and munitions to nations at war, and permit
such shipment on a `cash-and-carry basis.'...
</p>
<p> "Just to name a few, the following Republican leaders voted
against the act--Senators McNary, Vandenberg, Nye and Johnson;
Congressmen Martin, Barton and Fish".
</p>
<p> One Issue. That this attack was not directly aimed at
Opponent Willkie, but at some of his supporters, made it only
slightly less effective oratorical ammunition. As a whole the
debate was fought by both candidates on the bad past record of
the other side. On important present issues they seldom came to
grips. On only one such issue did both declare themselves,
although mostly by implication: Candidate Roosevelt insisted that
the New Deal's methods of dealing with business had been
necessary for the welfare of labor and business alike; Candidate
Willkie maintained that neither social advances nor defense could
be made secure until business was given a chance to increase the
national wealth.
</p>
<p> The other issues of the campaign were not faced by either
candidate last week--but the great twelve-day debate had still
to run Nov. 5.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>